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Joseph Leidy Memorial Albums 1846-1892
Ewell Sale Stewart Library
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
2003
EAD tagging 5/2003.
ENG
Joseph Leidy Memorial Albums
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
5/2003Cataloging and digitizing made possible by The Getty Grant Program.
Coll. 12D
Leidy, Joseph, 1823-1891
Joseph Leidy memorial albums1846-1892
5 albums
Ewell Sale Stewart Library, Academy of Natural Sciences
1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway
Philadelphia, PA 19103-1101
Most popularly known as the Father of American Vertebrate Paleontology, Joseph Leidy was also the Founder of American Parasitology, a Professor of Anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania, a pioneering protozoologist, an influential teacher of Natural History, a passionate microscopist, an accomplished scientific illustrator, and an expert on a variety of subjects. He published scientific papers on more than a thousand extinct and living protozoa, fungi and animals as well as an assortment of publications on human biology and medicine. This collection consists of 528 of Leidy's illustrations of microscopic botany specimens, vertebrates, and invertebrates; published and unpublished memoriams to Leidy; letters from and about Leidy; notes by Leidy; and portraits of Leidy. These items were collected and bound together by Edward James Nolan (1846-1921) into 5 albums as a memorial to Leidy and his life's work.
Most popularly known as the Father of American Vertebrate Paleontology, Leidy was also the Founder of American Parasitology, a Professor of Anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania, a pioneering protozoologist, an influential teacher of natural history, a passionate microscopist, an accomplished scientific illustrator, and an expert on a variety of subjects. He published scientific papers on more than a thousand extinct and living protozoa, fungi and animals as well as an assortment of publications on human biology and medicine.
Leidy was a passionate advocate of employing the microscope in scientific research. He was first introduced to the tool by his medical school mentor, Dr. Paul Goddard, and he emphasized its usefulness to his own students. In his research Leidy used the microscope to examine a wide range of subjects, including fossils, gems, parasites, forensic medicine and human tissues. Notable among his microscopic studies are his 1848 study on the microstructure of the liver, his 1853 parasitology monograph ("Flora and Fauna within Living Animals"), his 1879 protozoology monograph ("Fresh-Water Rhizopods of North America") and his study of endosymbionts in termites ("The Parasites of the Termites").
Leidy's use of the microscope also yielded findings that had public health implications. His examination of parasite cysts in cooked ham led him to advocate the thorough cooking of meat to prevent infection by harmful parasites. Examinations of microorganisms in housefly mouthparts led him to conclude that they were carriers of disease and led him to advocate measures to reduce their presence in hospitals. Leidy's microscopic studies also allowed him to debunk a popular theory that various respiratory diseases (including asthma and hay fever) were caused by an infusorian, Asthmatos ciliaris. He reported that the suspected agent of disease was simply tissue debris from the mucus of patients.
Leidy's expertise in a wide range of subjects led many people to seek him for assistance. One striking example of Leidy-as-expert occurred in 1862. Leidy was asked by the Philadelphia City Council to investigate an insect infestation in the city's parks. A month later he submitted his report, which contained detailed descriptions of the five species he found, their life histories and remedies for controlling them. Once the word spread, Leidy began to receive queries on insect pests from around the country.
As stated before, Leidy was a professional scientist whose income came primarily from teaching and administrative duties. His scientific research, however, is his lasting legacy. It was also a central pleasure of his life. In the concluding remarks of his 1879 monograph, "Freshwater Rhizopods of North America" Leidy wrote: "The study of natural history in the leisure of my life, since I was 14 years of age, has been to me a constant source of happiness; and my experience of it is such that independently of its higher merits, I warmly recommend it as a pastime, than which, I believe, no other can excel it".
Declining health and a demanding workload took their toll on Leidy. After several days of being bedridden, he died on April 30, 1891, apparently from a combination of strokes and arterial disease. He was 67 years old.
This collection consists of Leidy's microscopic illustrations of botany specimens, vertebrates, and invertebrates; published and unpublished memoriams to Leidy; letters from and about Leidy; notes by Leidy; and portraits of Leidy. These items were collected and bound together by Edward James Nolan (1846-1921) into 5 albums as a memorial to Leidy and his life's work. The albums measure 25 x 17 cm. and are bound in blue with brown leather spines and blue and gold marbled end papers. Letters and memoriams are pasted onto guards in the album; sketches are pasted onto pages of the album. Titles (given in this inventory as series titles) are embossed in gold on the album spines.
While volume 1 contains 24 memoriams, letters, and notes associated with Leidy and his death, volumes 2-5 contain 528 illustrations by Leidy, spanning years (from 1847 to 1891) of research with the microscope. These items range in size from 5 x 4 cm. to 18 x 21 cm., and are interspersed with Leidy's notes - both full paged details and brief notes written directly onto illustrations.
Although the 5 albums were titled and bound by Edward James Nolan, volumes 2-5 were arranged by Dr. J.W. Hearshberger according to the classification of Warming's
Handbook of Systematic Botany, 1895. Series titles are as given to the albums by Edward James Nolan.
- Memoirs and Addresses, 1846-1892. Contains 24 published memoriams to Leidy, letters from and about Leidy, notes and a manuscript by Leidy, portraits of Leidy.
- Original Drawings and Notes, Botany, 1860-1887. Contains 92 sketches and notes illustrating algae and fungi.
- Original Drawings and Notes, Zoology, 1857-1888. Contains 243 sketches and notes illustrating Protozoa.
- Original Drawings and Notes, Zoology, 1847-1891. Contains 157 sketches and notes illustrating invertebrates such as Coelenterata and worms.
- Original Drawings and Notes, Zoology, 1847-1885. Contains 36 sketches and notes illustrating invertebrates such as worms and arthropods, as well vertebrates - namely mammals and reptiles.
Nolan Edward James, 1846-1921Leidy, Joseph, 1823-1891
Algae
Fungi
Protozoa
Invertebrates
Arthropoda
Mollusks
Vertebrates
Memorials--19th century
Albums--19th century
Scientific Illustrations--19th century
Watercolors--19th century
Obituaries--19th century
Letters--19th century
Information on reproduction rights and services available in the library or on the web at http://www.ansp.org/library/reproductions.php.
Cite as: Collection 12D. Joseph Leidy Memorial Albums. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Presented by Edward J. Nolan, October 19, 1898.
Finding aid created by Mary Hammer, 2003.
- Coll. 1. Joseph Leidy Correspondence.
- Coll. 3. Joseph Leidy Illustrations.
- Coll. 8. Joseph Leidy Personalia.
- Coll. 9. Portraits of Joseph Leidy.
- Coll. 178. Joseph Leidy Writings.
- Coll. 479. Joseph Leidy Learned Society Honors.
- Coll. 481. Joseph Leidy Biographical Papers.
- Coll. 482. Joseph Leidy Diaries.
-
Coll. 532. Joseph Leidy Teaching Diagrams.
- Online Joseph Leidy Exhibit, Academy of Natural Sciences.
1. Memoirs and Addresses, 1846-1892. 1 album ; 25 x 17 cm. (6 cm. thick) Also includes a table of contents and hand-written index.
001Parrish, J. "Biographical Notice of Joseph Leidy, M.D." The New Jersey Medical Reporter 6.11 (1853): 381-386.Includes an engraving of Leidy, ca. 1855.
002Chapman, Henry C. "Memoir of Joseph Leidy, M.D., LL.D." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadlephia (1891): 3-49.Includes 3 photographic prints, ca. 1858 (of Leidy in his study at the Academy), and ca. 1865 (portraits).
003Hunt, William. Two Addresses upon Joseph Leidy, M.D., LL.D. Delivered before the alumni and students of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania. November 17, 1891.
004Ruschenberger, W.S.W. "A sketch of the life of Joseph Leidy, M.D., LL.D." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 30 (1892): 3-64. Includes 1 photographic print, ca. 1865 (portrait).
005Frazer, Perifor. "Joseph Leidy, M.D., LL.D." The American Geologist 9 (1892): 1-5.Includes 1 lithographic print, (portrait).
006Wharton, Joseph. Dr. Jos[eph] Leidy. An Address to the graduating class of 1891 at Swarthmore College. June 16, 1891.
007Peirsol, George A. A Biographical Sketch of Prof[essor] Joseph Leidy. Presented to the classes of the Medical and Dental Departments of the University of Pennsylvania. October 1891.
008"Biographical Sketch of Joseph Leidy, M.D." International Clinics, July 1891.
009Memorial addresses delivered at the meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, May 12, 1891. Transcribed from the original manuscripts by Edward J. Nolan.
009aHunt, William. Personal history.
009bAllen, Harrison. Work in comparative anatomy.
009cChapman, Henry C. Work in invertebrate anatomy.
009dHeilprin, Angelo. Work in geology and paleontology.
009eWillcox, Joseph. Work in mineralogy.
009fDarrach, James. Work in botany.
009gNolan, Edward James. Services to the Academy and Personal Character. Includes 1 photographic print, 1889 (portrait).
010Nolan, Edward James. Biographical Notes: Report of a Conversation with Dr. Leidy, Oct[ober] 29, 1867. Hand written. Includes 2 prints, ca. 1868 (a portrait and Leidy teaching at University of Pennsylvania).
011Leidy, Joseph. Notice of some Entozoa. Hand written manuscript of the last paper presented by Joseph Leidy, published in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 43 (1891).
012Leidy, Joseph. Notes upon daily scientific observations, commenced March 1st, 1846. Handwritten notes by Leidy.
013-015Leidy, Joseph. Letters to Edward J. Nolan, July 19, 1882, May 16, 1889, Jan. 22, 1891. 3 handwritten letters from Joseph Leidy.
016Luvick, James. Letter ... regarding Dr. Leidy's last illness, April 28, 1891. Addressed to James Nolan.
017Leidy, Joseph. Valedictory address to the class of medical graduates of the University of Pennsylvania. Delivered at the Public Commencement, March 27, 1858.
2. Original Drawings and Notes: Botany, 1860-1887.
Contains 92 sketches and notes illustrating algae and fungi.
"Arranged according to the classification of Warming's
Handbook of Systematic Botany translated by M.C. Potter, 1895. Arranged by Dr. J.W. Hearshberger" -- on title page.
001-014Division I: Thallophyta; Sub-division A: Myxomycetes or Slime Fungi, 1882-1884. 21 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 7 x 11 cm. -- 14 x 23 cm.
015-022Division I: Thallophyta; Sub-division B: Algae; Class III: Diatomeae, 1878-1887. 8 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 7 x 11 cm. -- 14 x 23 cm.
023-025Division I: Thallophyta; Sub-division B: Algae; Class IV: Schizophyta, 1873-1877. 3 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 13 x 10 cm. -- 11 x 14 cm.
026-030Division I: Thallophyta; Sub-division B: Algae; Class V: Conjugatae; Order 1: Desmidiaceae, 1876-1877. 5 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 14 x 10 cm. -- 14 x 23 cm.
031-031Division I: Thallophyta; Sub-division B: Algae; Class V: Conjugate, Order 2: Zygnemaceae, 1862. 1 sketch : pencil and watercolor ; 9 x 13 cm.
032-033Division I: Thallophyta; Sub-division B: Algae; Class VI: Chlorophyceae; Family 1: Protococcoideae; Order 6: Hydrodictyaceae, 1874. 2 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 9 x 6 cm.
034-042Division I: Thallophyta; Sub-division B: Algae; Class VI: Chlorophyceae; Family 1: Protococcoideae, 1886. 9 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 10 x 9 cm. -- 16 x 20 cm.
043-043Division I: Thallophyta; Sub-division B: Algae; Class VI: Chlorophyceae; Family 2: Confervoideae; Order 1: Ulvaceae, 1860. 2 sketch : pencil and watercolor ; 13 x 11 cm.
044-049Division I: Thallophyta; Sub-division B: Algae; Class VI: Chlorophyceae; Family 2: Confervoideae; Order 6: Oedogoniaceae, 1873. 6 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 15 x 12 cm. -- 14 x 23 cm.
050-055Division I: Thallophyta; Sub-division B: Algae; Class VI: Chlorophyceae; Family 3: Siphoneae; Order 4. Vaucheriaceae, 1873-1874. 5 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 13 x 11 cm. -- 14 x 23 cm.
056-060Division I: Thallophyta; Sub-division C: Fungi, 1877-1882. 5 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 10 x 16 cm. -- 14 x 23 cm.
061-071Division I: Thallophyta; Sub-division C: Fungi; Class I. Phycomycetes; Sub-class 2: Domycetes; Family 1: Entomophthorales, 1852-1882. 11 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 11 x 11 cm. -- 18 x 21 cm.
072-073Division I: Thallophyta; Sub-division C: Fungi; Class III: Mycomycetes; Sub-class 2: Basidiomycetes; Order 1: Uredineae, 1860-1884. 4 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 5 x 9 cm. -- 10 x 13 cm
074-074Division III: Pteridophyta; Class I: Filicineae; Sub-class 1: Filices, n.d. 1 sketch : pencil and watercolor ; 8 x 8 cm.
075-082Division IV: Spermaphyta; Sub-division II: Angiospermae; Class 2: Dicotyledones, 1883. 9 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 8 x 9 cm. -- 19 x 10 cm.
3. Original Drawings and Notes: Zoology, 1857-1888. Contains 243 sketches and notes illustrating Protozoa.
094-117Protozoa; Class V: Infusoria; Order 3: Ciliata, 1857-188929 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 13 x 8 cm. -- 14 x 23 cm.
118-124Protozoa; Class V: Infusoria; Order 2: Suctoria, 1874-1876. 7 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 11 x 6 cm. -- 23 x 14 cm.
125-146Protozoa; Class V: Infusoria; Order 1: Atricha. 1874-1883. 22 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 7 x 11 cm. -- 13 x 15 cm.
"126-148 published in Freshwater Rhizopods of N. America ... 1879" -- below title.
147-150Protozoa; Class IV: Rhizopoda, 1874-1878. 3 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 8 x 13 cm. -- 14 x 13 cm.
151-153Metazoa; Class III: Spongiae, 1888. 3 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 8 x 6 cm. -- 12 x 8 cm.
154-203Protozoa; Class II: Gregarinae, 1877-1884. 48 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 10 x 8 cm. -- 14 x 23 cm.
4. Original Drawings and Notes: Zoology, 1847-1891.
Contains 157 sketches and notes illustrating invertebrates such as Coelenterata and worms.
204-220Coelenterata; Class III: Heydrozoa; Order 3: Hydromedusae, 1857-1888.
18 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 11 x 8 cm. -- 14 x 23 cm.
221-221Coelenterata; Class II: Ctenophorae eurystomae, 1890. 1 sketch : pencil ; 9 x 12 cm.
222-258Molluscoidea bryozoa, 1858-1882. 37 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 5 x 9 cm.; 14 x 23 cm.
259-304Vermes; Class V: Platyelminthes; Order 2: Trematoda, 1847-1890. 47 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 7 x 7 cm. -- 24 x 15 cm.
305-321Vermes; Class V: Platyelminths; Order 1: Turbellaria, 1868-1871. 17 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 8 x 8 cm. -- 13 x 15 cm.
322-374Vermes; Class IV: Nematilminthes nematodes, 1847-1891. 51 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 10 x 6 cm. -- 20 x 13 cm.
5. Original Drawings and Notes: Zoology, 1847-1885.
Contains 36 sketches and notes illustrating invertebrates such as worms and arthropods; as well vertebrates; namely mammals and reptiles.
An index encompassing albums 2-5 is located at the back of this album.
375-414Vermes; Class I: Anulata, 1857-1883. 39 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 4 x 10 cm. -- 23 x 14 cm.
415-416Arthropoda; Class: Rotatoria, n.d.2 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 12 x 7 cm. -- 14 x 11 cm.
417-424Arthropoda; Class IV: Crustacea; Order 7: Cirripedia, n.d. 7 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 10 x 7 cm.
425-427Arthropoda; Class IV: Crustacea; Order 6: Entomostraca, 1857. 3 sketches : pencil and ink ; 15 x 10 cm. -- 17 x 6 cm.
428-430Arthropoda; Class IV: Crustacea; Order 5: Branchipoda, n.d. 3 sketches : pencil ; 9 x 8 cm. --10 x 15 cm.
431-431Arthropoda; Class IV: Crustacea; Order 4: Decapoda, n.d. 1 sketch : pencil and ink ; 17 x 13 cm.
432-433Arthropoda; Class III: Arachnoidea; Order 5: Linguatulina, n.d. 2 sketches : pencil ; 6 x 6 cm. -- 14 x 10 cm.
434-434Arthropoda; Class III: Arachnoidea; Order 3: Acarina, 1854. 1 sketch : pencil ; 14 x 11 cm.
435-443Arthropoda; Class III: Arachnoidea; Order 1: Arthrogastra, 1883-1885. 7 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 7 x 11 cm. -- 15 x 11 cm.
444-447Arthropoda; Class I: Insecta; Order 7: Hemiptera, 2 sketches : pencil ; 11 x 8 cm. -- 11 x 11 cm.
448-458Arthropoda; Class I: Insecta; Order 6: Diptera, 1847-1882. 15 sketches : pencil ; 9 x 6 cm. -- 19 x 12 cm.
459-461Arthropoda; Class I: Insecta; Order 5: Lepidoptera, 1847-1883. 3 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 13 x 8 cm. -- 18 x 11 cm.
462-463Arthorpoda; Class I: Insecta; Order 4: Humenoptera, 1847. 3 prints ; 13 x 7 cm. -- 20 x 12 cm.
464-470Arthropoda; Class I: Insecta; Order 3: Coleoptera, n.d 12 sketches and prints : pencil ; 5 x 7 cm. -- 20 x 12 cm.
471-471Arthropoda; Class I: Insecta; Order 2: Neuroptera, n.d. 1 sketch : pencil ; 10 x 8 cm.
472-477Arthropoda; Class I: Insecta; Order 1: Orthoptera, 1883. 5 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 10 x 7 cm. --16 x 13 cm.
478-478Mollusca; Class III: Acephala; Order 2: Myacea, 1860. 1 sketch : pencil and watercolor ; 13 x 14 cm.
479-480Mollusca; Class II: Cephalophora; Sub-class 1: Gastropoda; Order 1: Pulmonata, 1847.1 sketch and print : pencil ; 16 x 9 cm. --22 x 16 cm.
481-483Mollusca; Class I: Cephalopoda; Order 1: Dibranchiata, n.d. 3 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 8 x 7 cm. -- 15 x 13 cm.
484-484Vertebrata; Class V: Pisces, n.d. 1 sketch : pencil ; 5 x 12 cm.
485-485Vertebrata; Class III: Reptilia, n.d. 1 sketch : pencil ; 11 x 9 cm.
486-488Vertebrata; Class I: Mammalia; Order 2: Perissodactyla, 1857. 6 sketches : pencil and watercolor ; 5 x 4 cm. -- 9 x 14 cm.
489-492Vertebrata; Class I: Mammalia; Order 10: Artiodactyla, n.d. 4 sketches : pencil and wash ; 8 x 14 cm. -- 11 x 14 cm.
493-493Vertebrata; Class I: Mammalia; Order 9: Proboscidea, n.d. 1 sketch : pencil and wash ; 9 x 12 cm.
494-494Vertebrata; Class I: Mammalia; Order 6: Carnivora, n.d. 1 sketch : pencil and watercolor ; 9 x 10 cm.
495-503Vertebrata; Class I: Mammalia; Order 1: Primates, n.d. 11 sketches and prints : pencil and wash ; 8 x 9 cm. -- 11 x 11 cm.
504-509Miscellaneous, n.d. 6 sketches : pencil and ink ; 15 x 13 cm.
"Found among Dr. Leidy's papers but probably not drawn by him."